Prevent Damage to Irrigation Equipment: Proper Spring Preparation
Introduction
Winter's harsh conditions can wreak havoc on even the most well-maintained irrigation systems. Frozen pipes, cracked components, and misaligned sprinkler heads are just a few of the issues that can arise. That's why, as temperatures warm and the growing season approaches, it’s essential to perform a thorough spring startup check, and necessary maintenance, on irrigation equipment.
This guide will walk you through the critical steps of preparing your irrigation equipment for spring, ensuring you avoid costly repairs, and that your irrigation equipment performs optimally. As a bonus, save our spring preparation checklist (at the bottom of this article) to refer back to later.
Pre-Start-Up Checks
Before starting up your irrigation system for the spring, the weather is the first thing to consider. If the ground is still frozen, turning irrigation equipment on could damage components and lead to expensive repairs. To avoid this damage, wait until after the last frost before setting up your system. If you’re wondering how to know if the last frost has passed, the farmer's almanac should have some insight, or you could simply wait for more consistently warm weather.
When it’s time to set up your irrigation equipment and turn on your water, the first thing to do is execute a thorough inspection. We’ll get into how to perform that next.
Irrigation Equipment to Inspect
Visual Inspection: Look for broken sprinkler heads, damaged pipes, and any signs of wear and tear.
Backflow Preventer: Before turning your controller on, be sure to find your backflow prevention device. One example of a backflow prevention device is a pressure vacuum breaker (PVB), which is an essential component of irrigation systems. Ensure this protective device functions properly to prevent contaminated water from entering your home's water supply. Most sprinkler systems have a PVB located outdoors either next to an exterior wall or enclosed in a recessed box in the ground. Some systems have PVBs indoors, usually in a basement or crawl space, near the water shutoff for the irrigation system. It’s necessary to control the flow of the water before turning the system back on. To see which direction the water is flowing, there’s an arrow on the PVB. Before continuing with the inspection, close the valve on the PVB completely. Next, locate the isolation valve (between the water meter and the backflow prevention device), remove its cover, and turn it on. Next, go back to your PVB and turn its valve on. Check for leaks.
Controller Verification: Double-check the settings and schedule on your irrigation controller. Reset watering schedules to reflect the season’s watering needs based on what your water supplier recommends on the controller’s label. Now is also a good time to check the battery on your controller. Next, set your controller to run a test cycle, and make note of any sprinklers that might be out of alignment, any that need to be raised or lowered, or any that aren’t functioning properly.
Rain Sensor: If you have a rain sensor, make sure it’s not covered by tree branches or debris.
Wiring: Check that electrical connections and wiring are intact.
Inspection Checks for Winter Related Damages
Winter's harsh conditions can cause hidden problems. Be vigilant in identifying the following common issues:
- Frozen Components: Cracked pipes, valve boxes, sprinkler heads, and backflow preventers are all susceptible to freeze damage. Additionally, check for your vacuum breaker’s bleeder valve caps. They should have been removed from the sprinklers before winter to protect them from damage. If they weren’t removed, they should be replaced before the new season.
- Wildlife Interference: Inspect for animal damage to wires, sprinkler heads, or exposed components.
- Debris Build-Up: Clear away leaves, dirt, and other debris that could clog your system or obstruct sprinkler heads.
- Ensure Wiring is Intact: With an electrical multimeter, you can quickly discern where a wire may be disconnected. If you’re uncomfortable working with electrical wires, please contact an irrigation system professional such as Vanden Bussche for expert guidance.
Steps to Prepare Irrigation Equipment for Spring
Before completing these steps, be sure to perform the inspection of your equipment, as described earlier in this article.
Step 1: Turn off the main valve (if not already off)
This is probably either located around the side of the house or building or in a basement or crawl space. Turn the valve to the off position while you complete the remaining steps.
Step 2: Set the system to manual
In order to test each irrigation zone, and ensure it’s working properly, the system should be set to manual.
Step 3: Set up your vacuum breaker
You’ll probably locate your vacuum breaker near your sprinkler control valve. Use a screwdriver to twist the screws until they’re perpendicular to the valve (in the “off” position). Next, open the larger valves on the vacuum breaker until they’re parallel to the pipes (so they’re in the “on” position).
Step 4: Put the bleed valve caps back on
These might’ve been stored for the winter to prevent them from freezing, twist them back on with a pair of pliers.
Step 5: Slowly open the main valve
Allow the pipes to gradually fill with water by slowly opening the main sprinkler control valve.
Step 6: Test each irrigation zone
Manually activate each irrigation zone from the controller. Be sure to inspect each sprinkler as detailed earlier in this article. Note: if water pressure is low for any of the sprinklers, that could also indicate a problem such as a leak.
Step 7: Adjust the irrigation controller
There should be a label on the irrigation controller that outlines how much the system should be used depending on the season. Here’s a little more information on schedules and controls:
Update Schedules and Controls
Don't assume your old schedules are ideal. Analyzing recent weather patterns can help you fine-tune your spring irrigation system:
- Rainfall: Track recent rainfall amounts and adjust your irrigation schedule accordingly.
- Temperature: Warmer weather may require watering more frequently and for longer durations.
- Wind: Consider adjusting sprinkler directions to compensate for wind, which can impact spray patterns.
Precautions to Prevent Damage to Irrigation Equipment
Taking proactive measures will minimize future problems and keep your irrigation system functioning smoothly:
- Repair Winter Damage: Address any cracks, leaks, or misalignments immediately.
- Replace Sprinkler Heads: Install new sprinkler heads as needed, ensuring that all spray patterns are correctly aimed.
- Clean Filters: Remove and clean filters within sprinkler heads and valves to prevent clogging.
- Personal Process Document: Create a personal list of helpful tips that note personalized items such as where you store your vacuum breaker’s bleeder valve caps.
- Professional Assistance: Consider a professional inspection if your system is complex or if you suspect significant damage. If you’re located in Ontario, Canada, consider Vanden Bussche your go-to irrigation professional.
Conclusion
Starting the season with a properly functioning irrigation system is vital for maintaining lush landscapes and maximizing water efficiency. By following these preparation steps, you'll minimize risks, save time and money, and enjoy a worry-free growing season.
If you’re unsure how to execute any of these steps, and you just want to get your irrigation equipment up and running for spring, contact Vanden Bussche for a professional evaluation and expert guidance.